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Debugging hook_civicrm_dupeQuery reveals that upon submission of a Stripe contribution, only fields in the profile(s) specified for the contribution page are available for deduping. Fields in the Stripe billing block, e.g. first_name, city, etc. are not available, and duplicate contacts may therefore be created when the dedupe depend on these fields.

Example:

• Assume the dedupe rule is First Name:7, Phone:4, Email:4, with Threshold:11, and that the contribution page specifies a profile with phone and email fields.
• A contact submitting a Stripe contribution will create a new contact record, even after previously making a contribution with identical parameters, because First Name is not available to the dedupe function, and the sum of the Phone and Email weights is less than the Threshold.

Temporary workaround: For the specific dedupe rule used in the above example, and for the specific payment processor ID's in my installation, normal dedupe function was restored by adding the following hook:

function mymodule_civicrm_dupeQuery($obj, $type, &$query) { 
  if ($type=="table" && $_GET["q"]=="civicrm/contribute/transact" && ($_POST["payment_processor_id"] == 3 || $_POST["payment_processor_id"] == 4)) {
    $obj->params["civicrm_contact"]["first_name"] = $_POST['billing_first_name'];
    $query["civicrm_contact.first_name.7"] = "SELECT t1.id id1, 7 weight FROM civicrm_contact t1 WHERE t1.contact_type = 'Individual' AND t1.first_name = \"$_POST[billing_first_name]\"";
  }
} 

Config:

• CiviCRM 5.28.2
• stripe 6.4.2
• mjwshared 0.8.1
• PHP 7.3