CiviMail uses a number of **action** and **mail-merge tokens** and which can be placed in mailing labels, PDF letters, email messages and message templates, mailing headers and footers, and system-workflow (automated) messages. These tokens are converted dynamically to text, reply-to email addresses, and URLs.
CiviMail uses a number of **action** and **mail-merge tokens** and which can be placed in mailing labels, PDF letters, email messages and message templates, mailing headers and footers, and system-workflow (automated) messages. These tokens are converted dynamically to text, reply-to email addresses, and URLs.
The best source of documentation for tokens is: <https://docs.civicrm.org/user/en/stable/common-workflows/tokens-and-mail-merge/>
The best source of documentation for tokens is the [token page within the User Guide](https://docs.civicrm.org/user/en/stable/common-workflows/tokens-and-mail-merge/).
This wiki page gives supplemental information for working with tokens. [You can also customize or create new tokens relatively painlessly](/framework/civimail/index.md##extending-the-token-system).
This page gives supplemental information for working with tokens. [You can also customize or create new tokens relatively painlessly](/framework/civimail/index.md#extending-the-token-system).
This table documents the available action tokens, their purpose and the place(s) they can be used.
This table documents the available action tokens, their purpose and the place(s) they can be used.
Token| Purpose| Where used...| Example |
| Token| Purpose| Where used...| Example |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **{action.forward}** | Provides a link for each recipient to forward the mailing to others.| Mailing Body, Header, Footer| To forward this mailing to friends or colleagues, click `<a href="{action.forward}" >here</a>`.|
| **{action.forward}** | Provides a link for each recipient to forward the mailing to others.| Mailing Body, Header, Footer| To forward this mailing to friends or colleagues, click `<a href="{action.forward}" >here</a>`.|
| **{action.optOutUrl}** | Provides an opt-out link for each recipient.| Mailing Body, Header, Footer,unsubscribe,resubscribe| To opt-out of all future mailings from us, click `<a href="{action.optOutUrl}" >here</a>`.|
| **{action.optOutUrl}** | Provides an opt-out link for each recipient.| Mailing Body, Header, Footer,unsubscribe,resubscribe| To opt-out of all future mailings from us, click `<a href="{action.optOutUrl}" >here</a>`.|
